Review of analytical techniques for assessing rain drop erosion resistance of materials - Strathprints
In the industry of renewable energy, wind has been expanding to become one of the biggest markets. With this increase in popularity, the maintenance of wind turbines is crucial, especially the care of the turbine blades. Rain erosion is widely accepted as one of the key areas of interest, as a even a 2-3% loss in annual energy output significantly reduces the energy efficiency. Inspection of turbine blades as of late is very basic, simply involving a visual observation which is accompanied by photographs of the damage. Recent studies investigating the rain erosion of turbine blade materials show that this standard procedure fails to characterise the loss of aerodynamic efficiency in these turbine blades or evaluate their performance in an inter-study comparative approach. Previous studies have focused on using smaller test coupons and the industry moving in the direction of leading edge profile samples, there is a broad consensus that whirling arm type test rigs are the most applicable testing regimes. However, there is little overlap in the analysis used in different studies. This review will look into the various techniques used to inspect and characterise the samples, materials and performance used in rain erosion testing. The focus will be on their practicality, benefit and application to overall use within the industry of wind energy.
13 octobre 2019
US20190301433A1 - Method of repairing or reinforcing wind turbine blade, or attaching accessory part to wind turbine blade - Google Patents
US20190301433A1 - Method of repairing or reinforcing wind turbine blade, or attaching accessory part to wind turbine blade - Google Patents
The invention relates to a method for establishing a sectional or modular wind turbine blade. The method comprises the steps of transporting at least two blade sections of said wind turbine blade and a mobile factory for joining blade sections to a location at or in proximity of a wind turbine site, positioning said blade sections with two blade section ends facing each other and supported on a platform in said mobile factory, moving said platform in relation to the ground at the location for levelling said platform, aligning said blade section ends in relation to each other, and establishing said sectional or modular wind turbine blade by joining blade sections in an area of connection at said blade section ends.
The invention relates to a method for establishing a sectional or modular wind turbine blade. The method comprises the steps of transporting at least two blade sections of said wind turbine blade and a mobile factory for joining blade sections to a location at or in proximity of a wind turbine site, positioning said blade sections with two blade section ends facing each other and supported on a platform in said mobile factory, moving said platform in relation to the ground at the location for levelling said platform, aligning said blade section ends in relation to each other, and establishing said sectional or modular wind turbine blade by joining blade sections in an area of connection at said blade section ends.
US20190299343A1 - Method and System for Establishing A Sectional or Modular Wind Turbine Blade and A Mobile Factory for Joining Sections of A Wind Turbine Blade - Google Patents
US20190299343A1 - Method and System for Establishing A Sectional or Modular Wind Turbine Blade and A Mobile Factory for Joining Sections of A Wind Turbine Blade - Google Patents
The invention relates to a method for establishing a sectional or modular wind turbine blade. The method comprises the steps of transporting at least two blade sections of said wind turbine blade and a mobile factory for joining blade sections to a location at or in proximity of a wind turbine site, positioning said blade sections with two blade section ends facing each other and supported on a platform in said mobile factory, moving said platform in relation to the ground at the location for levelling said platform, aligning said blade section ends in relation to each other, and establishing said sectional or modular wind turbine blade by joining blade sections in an area of connection at said blade section ends.
The invention relates to a method for establishing a sectional or modular wind turbine blade. The method comprises the steps of transporting at least two blade sections of said wind turbine blade and a mobile factory for joining blade sections to a location at or in proximity of a wind turbine site, positioning said blade sections with two blade section ends facing each other and supported on a platform in said mobile factory, moving said platform in relation to the ground at the location for levelling said platform, aligning said blade section ends in relation to each other, and establishing said sectional or modular wind turbine blade by joining blade sections in an area of connection at said blade section ends.
US5392514A - Method of manufacturing a composite blade with a reinforced leading edge - Google Patents
US5392514A - Method of manufacturing a composite blade with a reinforced leading edge - Google Patents
A method of making a shell (30) of a lightweight composite propulsor blade (10) of spar and shell construction having a leading edge portion (39) having twice the thickness as the remainder (33, 35, 37) of the shell thereby enhancing resistance to foreign object damage and improving erosion resistance.
A method of making a shell (30) of a lightweight composite propulsor blade (10) of spar and shell construction having a leading edge portion (39) having twice the thickness as the remainder (33, 35, 37) of the shell thereby enhancing resistance to foreign object damage and improving erosion resistance.
4 octobre 2019
Smart Composites: Optical Sensors Embedded in 3D Orthogonal Woven Fabric for Structural Health Monitoring Applications - ProQuest
Smart Composites: Optical Sensors Embedded in 3D Orthogonal Woven Fabric for Structural Health Monitoring Applications - ProQuest
Unexpected failure in structures such as airplanes, bridges, and dams can have catastrophic
effects. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a way to monitor the integrity of such structures
so that any critical deformation can be detected and acted upon immediately. Compared to most
current SHM systems, which are applied to a structure’s exterior, this research aims to introduce
a polymer optical fiber (POF) based system that is an integral part of the construction material.
Due to their fiber-like structure, optical fibers are well suited to be incorporated in textile
composites. 3D orthogonal woven (3DOW) preforms are an excellent host for optical fiber
sensors because the yarns are arranged in straight paths. During composite fabrication, a POF
can be woven directly alongside yarns in the 3DOW preform, creating a smart composite. This
allows access to interior locations where other sensing methods may not be able to detect....
Unexpected failure in structures such as airplanes, bridges, and dams can have catastrophic
effects. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a way to monitor the integrity of such structures
so that any critical deformation can be detected and acted upon immediately. Compared to most
current SHM systems, which are applied to a structure’s exterior, this research aims to introduce
a polymer optical fiber (POF) based system that is an integral part of the construction material.
Due to their fiber-like structure, optical fibers are well suited to be incorporated in textile
composites. 3D orthogonal woven (3DOW) preforms are an excellent host for optical fiber
sensors because the yarns are arranged in straight paths. During composite fabrication, a POF
can be woven directly alongside yarns in the 3DOW preform, creating a smart composite. This
allows access to interior locations where other sensing methods may not be able to detect....
2 octobre 2019
Examining the trends of 35 years growth of key wind turbine components - ScienceDirect
Examining the trends of 35 years growth of key wind turbine components - ScienceDirect
The wind industry has innovated constantly throughout the past decades. Nevertheless, few studies have adequately analyzed the trends and consequences of the ever-growing wind turbines. Understanding the development and relationship of the technical characteristics of wind turbines provides insight into future innovations for multi-megawatt wind turbines. Such knowledge can be useful for industry members or researchers who are determined to design anything from new energy plans to the next wind turbine component. This study draws on an extensive dataset consisting of 35 years of multi-megawatt wind turbine inventions to explain the recent decades' development, which has resulted in a doubling of tower height and rotor diameters as well as eight times greater nameplate capacities....
The wind industry has innovated constantly throughout the past decades. Nevertheless, few studies have adequately analyzed the trends and consequences of the ever-growing wind turbines. Understanding the development and relationship of the technical characteristics of wind turbines provides insight into future innovations for multi-megawatt wind turbines. Such knowledge can be useful for industry members or researchers who are determined to design anything from new energy plans to the next wind turbine component. This study draws on an extensive dataset consisting of 35 years of multi-megawatt wind turbine inventions to explain the recent decades' development, which has resulted in a doubling of tower height and rotor diameters as well as eight times greater nameplate capacities....
1 octobre 2019
Mechanical Testing Summary: Optimized Carbon Fiber Composites in Wind Turbine Blade Design. (Technical Report) | OSTI.GOV
Mechanical Testing Summary: Optimized Carbon Fiber Composites in Wind Turbine Blade Design. (Technical Report) | OSTI.GOV
The objective of the Optimized Carbon Fiber project is to assess the commercial viability to develop cost-competitive wind-specific carbon fiber composites to enable larger rotors for increased energy capture. Although glass fiber reinforcement is the primary structural material in wind blade manufacturing, utilization of carbon fiber has been identified as a key enabler for achieving larger rotors because of its higher specific stiffness (stiffness per unit mass), specific strength (strength per unit mass), and fatigue resistance in comparison to glass. This report contains the testing process and results from the mechanical characterization portion of the project. Low-cost textile carbon fiber materials are tested along with a baseline, commercial carbon fiber system common to the wind industry. Material comparisons are made across coupons of similar manufacturing and quality to assess the properties of the novel carbon fibers......
The objective of the Optimized Carbon Fiber project is to assess the commercial viability to develop cost-competitive wind-specific carbon fiber composites to enable larger rotors for increased energy capture. Although glass fiber reinforcement is the primary structural material in wind blade manufacturing, utilization of carbon fiber has been identified as a key enabler for achieving larger rotors because of its higher specific stiffness (stiffness per unit mass), specific strength (strength per unit mass), and fatigue resistance in comparison to glass. This report contains the testing process and results from the mechanical characterization portion of the project. Low-cost textile carbon fiber materials are tested along with a baseline, commercial carbon fiber system common to the wind industry. Material comparisons are made across coupons of similar manufacturing and quality to assess the properties of the novel carbon fibers......
US20190263096A1 - Multilayer composite component - Google Patents
US20190263096A1 - Multilayer composite component - Google Patents
A composite component comprising the following layer construction (a) a first layer consisting at least partially of polyethylene, (b) a second layer consisting at least partially of an elastomer, (c) a third layer consisting at least partially of a thermoset or a thermoplastic, wherein the first layer is arranged directly on the second layer and wherein the second layer is arranged directly on the third layer, and wherein a textile fabric with rovings is arranged between the second layer and the third layer such that some of the rovings are embedded at least in places completely in the second layer, some of the rovings are embedded at least in places completely in the third layer, and some of the rovings are embedded at least in places partially in the second layer and partially in the third layer.
A composite component comprising the following layer construction (a) a first layer consisting at least partially of polyethylene, (b) a second layer consisting at least partially of an elastomer, (c) a third layer consisting at least partially of a thermoset or a thermoplastic, wherein the first layer is arranged directly on the second layer and wherein the second layer is arranged directly on the third layer, and wherein a textile fabric with rovings is arranged between the second layer and the third layer such that some of the rovings are embedded at least in places completely in the second layer, some of the rovings are embedded at least in places completely in the third layer, and some of the rovings are embedded at least in places partially in the second layer and partially in the third layer.
US20190270261A1 - Reinforcing structure for a wind turbine blade - Google Patents
US20190270261A1 - Reinforcing structure for a wind turbine blade - Google Patents
A reinforcing structure for a wind turbine blade A reinforcing structure for a wind turbine blade (12) is described. The reinforcing structure comprises one or more pultruded strips (42C) having spanwise grooves (54). The grooves (54) impart transverse flexibility to the strips (42C), allowing the strips (42C) to conform to the curvature of a wind turbine blade mould (44). An associated method of making a reinforcing structure for a wind turbine blade (12) is described. The method comprises providing an elongate mould (44) extending in a longitudinal direction and defining a mould surface at least part of which is concave-curved in transverse cross section. One or more pultruded strips (42C) with spanwise grooves (54) are arranged in the mould (44) to form the reinforcing structure. The pultruded strip(s) are bent along the grooves (54) so that they substantially conform to the transverse curvature of the mould surface. In preferred embodiments the reinforcing structure is a spar cap (36)
A reinforcing structure for a wind turbine blade A reinforcing structure for a wind turbine blade (12) is described. The reinforcing structure comprises one or more pultruded strips (42C) having spanwise grooves (54). The grooves (54) impart transverse flexibility to the strips (42C), allowing the strips (42C) to conform to the curvature of a wind turbine blade mould (44). An associated method of making a reinforcing structure for a wind turbine blade (12) is described. The method comprises providing an elongate mould (44) extending in a longitudinal direction and defining a mould surface at least part of which is concave-curved in transverse cross section. One or more pultruded strips (42C) with spanwise grooves (54) are arranged in the mould (44) to form the reinforcing structure. The pultruded strip(s) are bent along the grooves (54) so that they substantially conform to the transverse curvature of the mould surface. In preferred embodiments the reinforcing structure is a spar cap (36)
30 septembre 2019
An interface damage model for high-cycle fatigue - ScienceDirect
An interface damage model for high-cycle fatigue - ScienceDirect
A fatigue interface damage model is presented that is based on combining a fatigue evolution law with a static interface damage model. The fatigue model elegantly enables the simulation of crack initiation and propagation in a computationally efficient and accurate way, accounting for mixed-mode loading conditions and fatigue loading of variable amplitude. The basic features of the fatigue model are explained by means of the response of an isotropic mode I specimen. In addition, the fatigue response of a fiber-epoxy specimen is analyzed, thereby illustrating the effects by load cycle blocks of different amplitude and the generation of plasticity on the fatigue life of the specimen.....
A fatigue interface damage model is presented that is based on combining a fatigue evolution law with a static interface damage model. The fatigue model elegantly enables the simulation of crack initiation and propagation in a computationally efficient and accurate way, accounting for mixed-mode loading conditions and fatigue loading of variable amplitude. The basic features of the fatigue model are explained by means of the response of an isotropic mode I specimen. In addition, the fatigue response of a fiber-epoxy specimen is analyzed, thereby illustrating the effects by load cycle blocks of different amplitude and the generation of plasticity on the fatigue life of the specimen.....
23 septembre 2019
Patent - WO2018046980 FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES, LAMINATES INCLUDING THE SAME, AND SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SUCH LAMINATES
Patent - WO2018046980 FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES, LAMINATES INCLUDING THE SAME, AND SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SUCH LAMINATES
his disclosure includes fiber-reinforced composites, laminates including the same, and systems and methods for making such laminates.
his disclosure includes fiber-reinforced composites, laminates including the same, and systems and methods for making such laminates.
Investigation of mechanical properties and failure surfaces of adhesively bonded composites subjected to vibration loads - IOPscience
Investigation of mechanical properties and failure surfaces of adhesively bonded composites subjected to vibration loads - IOPscience
The effect of cyclic-vibration-loading on adhesively bonded joints that made from laminated composites was investigated in this study. Eight layered fiber glass composite plates were produced via vacuum assisted resin infusion method and the composite plates fixed at both ends were vibrated under different vibration cycles after they were bonded single lap adhesively. Then, the tensile test was carried out to determine the ultimate load and to evaluate the joint performance and failure of E/glass-epoxy composites. The results showed that the ultimate load capacity and absorbed energy of joint decreased by increasing vibration load cycles. In addition, after the tensile test, the surfaces of the adherends were examined and it was observed that fiber failure increased with the increasing of the vibration cycle and grooves of the fibers occurred.
The effect of cyclic-vibration-loading on adhesively bonded joints that made from laminated composites was investigated in this study. Eight layered fiber glass composite plates were produced via vacuum assisted resin infusion method and the composite plates fixed at both ends were vibrated under different vibration cycles after they were bonded single lap adhesively. Then, the tensile test was carried out to determine the ultimate load and to evaluate the joint performance and failure of E/glass-epoxy composites. The results showed that the ultimate load capacity and absorbed energy of joint decreased by increasing vibration load cycles. In addition, after the tensile test, the surfaces of the adherends were examined and it was observed that fiber failure increased with the increasing of the vibration cycle and grooves of the fibers occurred.
20 septembre 2019
Polypropylene and tire powder composite for use in automotive industry - ScienceDirect
Polypropylene and tire powder composite for use in automotive industry - ScienceDirect
In this work, we study and characterize 20%- and 30%-reinforced rubber tire powder and polypropylene composite to apply it in the engine encapsulation of commercial vehicles. We produce a prototype with 20% of rubber tire powder due to its better processability and carry out external noise analysis and the results show it is similar to the already available material and within the limits established by law, besides presenting a substantial 54-weight% decrease. In addition, the material guarantees a minimization of sound pollution – through the attenuation of noise by the composite – and environmental, by the reduction of inappropriate disposal of waste tires.
In this work, we study and characterize 20%- and 30%-reinforced rubber tire powder and polypropylene composite to apply it in the engine encapsulation of commercial vehicles. We produce a prototype with 20% of rubber tire powder due to its better processability and carry out external noise analysis and the results show it is similar to the already available material and within the limits established by law, besides presenting a substantial 54-weight% decrease. In addition, the material guarantees a minimization of sound pollution – through the attenuation of noise by the composite – and environmental, by the reduction of inappropriate disposal of waste tires.
19 septembre 2019
Conseil des ministres du mercredi 18 septembre 2019 | Élysée
Conseil des ministres du mercredi 18 septembre 2019 | Élysée
"LE SOUTIEN À LA CROISSANCE DES ENTREPRISES DU NUMÉRIQUE
Le ministre de l’économie et des finances et le secrétaire d’État auprès du ministre de l’économie et des finances et du ministre de l’action et des comptes publics, chargé du numérique, ont présenté une communication portant sur le soutien à la croissance des entreprises du numérique.
L’ascension rapide et continue de la « French Tech » a fait de la France l’un des principaux écosystèmes technologiques au monde. Il connaît ces dernières années une très forte accélération :
les montants levés par les start-ups ont été multipliés par quatre en cinq ans pour atteindre 3,6 milliards d’euros en 2018. Ce chiffre devrait être dépassé cette année avec déjà 2,8 milliards d’euros levés au premier semestre ;
treize levées de fonds supérieures à 50 millions d’euros ont été réalisées au premier semestre 2019, contre douze sur l’ensemble de l’année 2018 et six en 2017 ;
la France a vu naître 25 licornes (start-ups valorisées plus d’un milliard d’euros n’ayant pas encore effectué de sortie – revente ou introduction en bourse) dont quatre rien qu’au premier semestre 2019.
Cette accélération a largement été favorisée par l’action du Gouvernement ces deux dernières années (baisse de la fiscalité du capital, assouplissements réglementaires dans la loi du 22 mai 2019 relative à la croissance et la transformation des entreprises, plan relatif à l’intelligence artificielle, actions en faveur de l’attractivité internationale, etc.).
Illustration de cette réussite, le Next40, sélection des quarante start-ups françaises les plus prometteuses, a été dévoilé ce 18 septembre. Ces entreprises créeront plus de 7 000 emplois directs dans les douze prochains mois sur l’ensemble du territoire national.
L’écosystème français vient de dépasser celui de l’Allemagne, mais reste encore significativement derrière celui du Royaume-Uni. L’Europe dans son ensemble souffre d’un retard par rapport aux écosystèmes américains et chinois. Si elle compte pour près d’un quart du produit intérieur brut mondial, l’Union européenne ne représente que 10 % des indicateurs de technologie émergente.
Pourtant, faire émerger des leaders technologiques de rang mondial est critique pour la France. Plus du tiers des emplois créés aujourd’hui aux États-Unis le sont directement et indirectement par le secteur technologique. Les start-ups françaises créeront près de 25 000 emplois directs dans les douze prochains mois. Le Gouvernement s'est donc fixé comme objectif de dépasser le nombre de vingt licornes d’ici 2025 mais également de faire émerger plusieurs entreprises valorisées plus de 5 à 10 milliards d’euros afin de s'imposer à l'échelle internationale. Pour y parvenir, s’attaquer aux freins qui entravent la croissance des start-ups françaises est une priorité. Ces freins portent principalement sur le financement, l’environnement réglementaire et administratif, ainsi que le recrutement.
...."
"LE SOUTIEN À LA CROISSANCE DES ENTREPRISES DU NUMÉRIQUE
Le ministre de l’économie et des finances et le secrétaire d’État auprès du ministre de l’économie et des finances et du ministre de l’action et des comptes publics, chargé du numérique, ont présenté une communication portant sur le soutien à la croissance des entreprises du numérique.
L’ascension rapide et continue de la « French Tech » a fait de la France l’un des principaux écosystèmes technologiques au monde. Il connaît ces dernières années une très forte accélération :
les montants levés par les start-ups ont été multipliés par quatre en cinq ans pour atteindre 3,6 milliards d’euros en 2018. Ce chiffre devrait être dépassé cette année avec déjà 2,8 milliards d’euros levés au premier semestre ;
treize levées de fonds supérieures à 50 millions d’euros ont été réalisées au premier semestre 2019, contre douze sur l’ensemble de l’année 2018 et six en 2017 ;
la France a vu naître 25 licornes (start-ups valorisées plus d’un milliard d’euros n’ayant pas encore effectué de sortie – revente ou introduction en bourse) dont quatre rien qu’au premier semestre 2019.
Cette accélération a largement été favorisée par l’action du Gouvernement ces deux dernières années (baisse de la fiscalité du capital, assouplissements réglementaires dans la loi du 22 mai 2019 relative à la croissance et la transformation des entreprises, plan relatif à l’intelligence artificielle, actions en faveur de l’attractivité internationale, etc.).
Illustration de cette réussite, le Next40, sélection des quarante start-ups françaises les plus prometteuses, a été dévoilé ce 18 septembre. Ces entreprises créeront plus de 7 000 emplois directs dans les douze prochains mois sur l’ensemble du territoire national.
L’écosystème français vient de dépasser celui de l’Allemagne, mais reste encore significativement derrière celui du Royaume-Uni. L’Europe dans son ensemble souffre d’un retard par rapport aux écosystèmes américains et chinois. Si elle compte pour près d’un quart du produit intérieur brut mondial, l’Union européenne ne représente que 10 % des indicateurs de technologie émergente.
Pourtant, faire émerger des leaders technologiques de rang mondial est critique pour la France. Plus du tiers des emplois créés aujourd’hui aux États-Unis le sont directement et indirectement par le secteur technologique. Les start-ups françaises créeront près de 25 000 emplois directs dans les douze prochains mois. Le Gouvernement s'est donc fixé comme objectif de dépasser le nombre de vingt licornes d’ici 2025 mais également de faire émerger plusieurs entreprises valorisées plus de 5 à 10 milliards d’euros afin de s'imposer à l'échelle internationale. Pour y parvenir, s’attaquer aux freins qui entravent la croissance des start-ups françaises est une priorité. Ces freins portent principalement sur le financement, l’environnement réglementaire et administratif, ainsi que le recrutement.
...."
ICE MELTING DEVICE FOR BLADE, BLADE AND WIND TURBINE - BEIJING GOLDWIND SCIENCE & CREATION WINDPOWER EQUIPMENT CO., LTD.
ICE MELTING DEVICE FOR BLADE, BLADE AND WIND TURBINE - BEIJING GOLDWIND SCIENCE & CREATION WINDPOWER EQUIPMENT CO., LTD.
An ice melting device for a blade, a blade and a wind turbine are provided. The ice melting device for the blade includes: a first heating portion; a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged at two ends of the first heating portion in a length direction, respectively; and a connecting conductor, wherein the connecting conductor extends in a length direction, a first end of the connecting conductor is connected to the second electrode, and a second end of the connecting conductor and the first electrode are located at a same side. With the connecting conductor, power leads connecting to the first electrode and the second electrode are allowed be located at a same side, thereby, in a case that an old blade is modified, an increase of a layer thickness caused by the power leads may be greatly reduced.
An ice melting device for a blade, a blade and a wind turbine are provided. The ice melting device for the blade includes: a first heating portion; a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged at two ends of the first heating portion in a length direction, respectively; and a connecting conductor, wherein the connecting conductor extends in a length direction, a first end of the connecting conductor is connected to the second electrode, and a second end of the connecting conductor and the first electrode are located at a same side. With the connecting conductor, power leads connecting to the first electrode and the second electrode are allowed be located at a same side, thereby, in a case that an old blade is modified, an increase of a layer thickness caused by the power leads may be greatly reduced.
Inscription à :
Articles (Atom)