A review on stochastic multiscale analysis for FRP composite structures - ScienceDirect

A review on stochastic multiscale analysis for FRP composite structures - ScienceDirect

ibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been increasingly applied in engineering structures especially for achieving high demands on structural performance, but they are susceptible to variations in material properties, geometry parameters, etc. mainly arising from manufacturing processes...

Effects of submarine-cable types ... preview & related info | Mendeley

Effects of submarine-cable types ... preview & related info 

Submarine cables are indispensable for offshore wind farms (OWFs) connected to a power grid. The submarine cable can cause certain degrees of impact on the system performance due to its different lengths, characteristics, electrical parameters, etc. This paper employs the power-system simulation software of Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) for modeling a future-scheduled OWF, i.e., a large-scale doubly-fed induction generator-based OWF of 200 MW, connected to Jang-Bin distribution substation of Taiwan Power System through five feeders, five circuit breakers, two step-up power transformers, a commercial submarine cable, and an underground cable. This paper simulates and compares the electrical quantities of the studied OWF with different operating capacities under various lengths of three types of commercial submarine cable. The transient surge peak voltages at the common bus of the OWF and the bus of Jang-Bin distribution substation subject to the switching of one of the five circuit breakers of the studied OWF under different lengths of the three types of commercial submarine cable are also compared using the power-system simulation software of ATPDraw in Alternative Transients Program (ATP) version of Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP).

Résines époxy biosourcées : Dossier complet | Techniques de l’Ingénieur

Résines époxy biosourcées : Dossier complet | Techniques de l’Ingénieur

L’élaboration de résines époxy biosourcés et le remplacement du diglycidyl éther de bisphénol A, monomère époxy le plus utilisé, sont des enjeux de l’industrie pour se conformer aux exigences règlementaires et aux attentes sociétales. Néanmoins, cette substitution s’accompagne de modification de la réactivité de la formulation et des propriétés finales des matériaux. Cet article propose de détailler les enjeux de cette substitution, ainsi qu’une revue détaillée des travaux de recherche effectués par des laboratoires académiques, ainsi que des produits commerciaux en développement pour proposer des voies d’accès à des matériaux époxy moins nocifs et plus respectueux de l’environnement.

Improvement in Wind Energy Sector using Nanotechnology | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore

Improvement in Wind Energy Sector using Nanotechnology | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore

Harnessing wind energy is of important use for energy security, economic growth, sustainable development and security of environment. But it is also true that wind energy suffers from various challenges related to its sustainability as important energy source. Some of the important barriers are manufacturing cost, environmental factors, site specific, Low energy production etc. Conventional wind turbines were designed to be large in size so that they have power to turn turbine to produce sufficient power which in turn create difficulties in transportation and installation of wind turbine. Therefore there is need to develop such technology which can overcome above difficulties by using lightweight materials and low cost materials. Thus nanoscale models developed prolong the overall life of wind turbines by mitigating the fatigue failures of structural components and reducing the overall cost of power generation. Nanoscale technology introduced into wind industry contributes in bringing new development for wind turbines performance, operability, availability and reliability.

Recycling of Plastics, Metals, and Their Composites | R.A. Ilyas, S.M.

Recycling of Plastics, Metals, and Their Composites | R.A. Ilyas, S.M.

Having a solid understanding of materials recycling is of high importance, especially due to the growing use of composites in many industries and increasingly strict legislation and concerns about the disposal of composites in landfills or by incineration. Recycling of Plastics, Metals, and Their Composites provides a comprehensive review of the recycling of waste polymers and metal composites. It provides the latest advances and covers the fundamentals of recycled polymers and metal composites, such as preparation, morphology, and physical, mechanical, thermal, and flame-retardancy properties.

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blade Manufacturing Using Composite Materials | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore

Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blade Manufacturing Using Composite Materials | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore

One research direction for wind turbines is represented by blade manufacturing techniques and materials selection. In this paper the manufacturing process for the blades of a 1kW vertical axis wind turbine is presented. Firstly, a computer-aided design software is employed for the design of the wind turbine rotor. The blade manufacturing process included the use of a hot wire machine to cut the inner mold, made from high density polystyrene. The blade's structure is reinforced by placing an aluminum alloy tube in the polystyrene core. The shell is formed from two fiber glass coats impregnated with 3:1 epoxy resin, that will cover the mold and will be applied using brushes and rollers of various dimensions. This paper provides insightful information regarding the proposed simplified fabrication process for wind turbine blades, starting from its early stages with the blade design, continuing with its manufacturing process and then concluding with the resulted blades. A novel approach regarding blade painting is discussed.

Structural Re-use of FRP Composite Wind Turbine Blades as Power-Line Utility Poles and Towers | SpringerLink

Structural Re-use of FRP Composite Wind Turbine Blades as Power-Line Utility Poles and Towers | SpringerLink

The production of wind energy worldwide has increased 20-fold since 2001. Composite material wind turbine blades are beginning to come out of service in large numbers. In general, these de-commissioned structures, composed primarily of glass fibers in a thermoset matrix and generally between 13 and 80 m long, are demolished and either landfilled or incinerated. This research seeks to establish structural re-use applications for wind turbine blades in civil engineering infrastructure. This paper presents design concepts along with materials and engineering analysis for high voltage electricity transmission structures made from re-used wind turbine blades. This re-use application targets wind blades in the 25 to 50-m overall length range, with single blades considered for use as cantilevered poles, and multiple blades used as replacements for waist-type truss or guyed towers. Strengths of the composite materials are established from coupons cut from de-commissioned wind blades – and section properties are established from blade geometries acquired using LiDAR scanning, through proprietary algorithms developed as part of the research effort. The section analysis is based on two common commercially available blades in the European and U.S. markets: the Vestas V52 and the Clipper C96. The paper reports on preliminary strength design allowables for the typical wind blade laminates and uses these as the basis for design under gravity, wind, and ice loading. Preliminary design of connections and physical mockup testing of these connections are presented.

Full article: The effects of plasticity mechanisms on micromechanics of composites with fiber waviness defects under compression

Full article: The effects of plasticity mechanisms on micromechanics of composites with fiber waviness defects under compression

Micromechanics simulations of fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composites with waviness defects are conducted to investigate the effect of constitutive model selection on the nucleation, evolution, and interaction of damage modes under in-plane compression. A 2D finite element model with fibers, matrix and fiber-matrix interfaces is used, considering damage modes at the constituent level (i.e., fiber-matrix interface damage, matrix plasticity, void nucleation and growth). Results show that the pressure-dependency of the polymer matrix is key for accurate predictions of strain localization in the fiber kinking mode and fiber-matrix interface crack behavior and extent at regions of waviness imperfections.

Finite element analysis of wind turbine blades subjected to torsional loads: Shell vs solid elements - ScienceDirect

Finite element analysis of wind turbine blades subjected to torsional loads: Shell vs solid elements - ScienceDirect

In this work the modelling of wind turbine blades subjected to torsional loads is explored. Usually, wind turbine blades are modelled using Outer Mold Layer (OML) shell models, whose mid-surface does not coincide with the nodal plane, and have been shown not to capture their behaviour correctly in torsional loadings, highly underestimating the torsional stiffness of the blade. ...

Thickness threshold study of polyaniline-based lightning strike protection coating for carbon/glass fiber reinforced polymer composites - ScienceDirect

Thickness threshold study of polyaniline-based lightning strike protection coating for carbon/glass fiber reinforced polymer composites - ScienceDirect

Different polyaniline (PANI) based lightning strike protection (LSP) coating thicknesses were tested against simulated lightning strike tests to evaluate the threshold thickness of the coating. A series of lightning strike tests were performed on carbon/glass fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP/GFRP) composites subjected to simulated lightning currents ranging from 40 to 100 kA....

RSSRail2022 - International Conference June 1st - 2nd 2022, Paris

RSSRail2022 - International Conference June 1st - 2nd 2022, Paris

The 4th International Conference on Reliability, Safety and Security of Railway Systems will be postponed to the 1st and 2nd of June 2022 due to the pandemic. The papers submission deadlines for the conference Call for Papers has also been postponed. So, in 2021 the conference will be replaced by a special issue of the journal Formal Aspects of Computing (submission deadline extended: 12th July 2021). Next year, the physical event will be held in the International Union of Railways Congress Center in Paris.

Lightning Protection of Wind Turbine Blades—How Supersizing Has Created New Challenges for Nanodielectrics Research | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore

Lightning Protection of Wind Turbine Blades—How Supersizing Has Created New Challenges for Nanodielectrics Research | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore

This article reviews the implications of su-persizing in lightning protection of wind turbine blades and how polymer nanocomposites, with improved electrical and thermal performance, may be used to mitigate consequent issues.

Machine Learning Analysis of Non-Destructive Evaluation Data from Radar Inspection of Wind Turbine Blades | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore

Machine Learning Analysis of Non-Destructive Evaluation Data from Radar Inspection of Wind Turbine Blades | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore

Wind Turbines are vital contributors to powering the world with renewable energy. As the wind energy sector grows, the reliability and resilience of wind turbine systems becomes increasingly important. One of the most important components, the wind turbine blades, are typically inspected with visual analysis. This is insufficient for providing detailed, consistent, and readily accessible surface and sub-surface analysis for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). In this paper we present a novel method of Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) for wind turbine blades by utilizing Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar sensing with machine learning analytics. By utilizing machine learning models on FMCW radar return signal amplitude (RSA) collected from different turbine blade samples, our results demonstrate that we can classify blade types by composition, and diameter differentials of 3 millimeters with over 95% classification accuracy. Thus, our methodology presents an insight to a promising SHM-NDE solution for surface and subsurface characterization of wind turbine blades and other composite structures.

Experimental investigation and modelling of the mechanical characteristics of Pandanus utilis nonwoven fibre-mat reinforced polyester composite for structural applications: The case of a small-scale wind turbine blade.

 Experimental investigation and modelling of the mechanical characteristics of Pandanus utilis nonwoven fibre-mat reinforced polyester composite for structural applications: The case of a small-scale wind turbine blade. 

PhD thesis Report 

Control of damage‐sensitive features for early failure prediction of wind turbine blades - Janeliukstis - - Structural Control and Health Monitoring - Wiley Online Library

Control of damage‐sensitive features for early failure prediction of wind turbine blades - Janeliukstis - - Structural Control and Health Monitoring - Wiley Online Library

The current study focuses on early prediction of structural failure of a composite wind turbine blade (WTB) using acoustic emission (AE) and strain measurement. The structural response of a 14.3-m blade with embedded artificial defects is investigated under fatigue loading in flapwise direction. The fatigue loading is realized in several successive portions until structural failure. Strain and acoustic emission signals from each portion are recorded.

Polyesters biosourcés et/ou biodégradables - De l’élaboration à la fin de vie : Dossier complet | Techniques de l’Ingénieur

Polyesters biosourcés et/ou biodégradables - De l’élaboration à la fin de vie : Dossier complet | Techniques de l’Ingénieur

L’article présente les différentes étapes clés du cycle de vie des polyesters biosourcés et/ou biodégradables. Il décrit les modes d’élaboration de chacun de ces polyesters en remontant jusqu’aux matières premières utilisées, en particulier lorsque celles-ci sont végétales. Les principales propriétés fonctionnelles et les applications sont détaillées et critiquées au regard des problématiques d’aujourd’hui. Leurs atouts, mais également les freins limitant leur développement, sont explicités. La fin de vie de ces polyesters est examinée en focalisant le scénario de fin de vie vers le recyclage pour les polyesters non biodégradables et vers la (bio)dégradation pour les polyesters biodégradables.

Impression 3D/4D de matériaux composites thermoplastiques : Dossier complet | Techniques de l’Ingénieur

Impression 3D/4D de matériaux composites thermoplastiques : Dossier complet | Techniques de l’Ingénieur

L’impression 3D de thermoplastiques renforcés par des fibres (discontinues et continues) permet de pallier les performances mécaniques modérées des pièces imprimées en polymère pur. Cet article présente un état des lieux de la technologie de fabrication par filament fondu (FFF) de composites, qui devrait permettre d’élargir les champs d’application (aéronautique, course au large…). Il introduit aussi l’impression 4D qui permet de développer des matériaux intelligents (capteurs, actionneurs) et d’envisager des structures architecturées actionnables sous l’action de stimuli (humidité, électricité, température, pression…).

Performance analysis of silane grafted nanosilica and aramid fibre-reinforced epoxy composite in dynamic loading and energy application | SpringerLink

Performance analysis of silane grafted nanosilica and aramid fibre-reinforced epoxy composite in dynamic loading and energy application | SpringerLink

In this analysis the epoxy resin was strengthened with silane grafted aramid fibre (kevlar) and nanosilica to improve the mechanical and dynamic mechanical behaviour of a turbine blade that was developed and tested. The main goal of this research was to study the role of adding silane-treated aramid fibre and nanosilica particle in epoxy made steam turbine blade. To reduce laminar shear failure under the mechanical and thermal condition, both the nanosilica and aramid fibre were silane-treated. ....

J. Compos. Sci. | Free Full-Text | Multiscale Toughening of Composites with Carbon Nanotubes—Continuous Multiscale Reinforcement New Concept

J. Compos. Sci. | Free Full-Text | Multiscale Toughening of Composites with Carbon Nanotubes—Continuous Multiscale Reinforcement New Concept

Strengthening composite structures for advanced industries such as offshore wind generation is a real issue. Due to the huge dimensions expected for next generation wind-blades, composites based on glass fibers can no longer be used due to the lack of stiffness, whereas composites based on carbon fibers are expensive. Therefore, switching to alternative structural solutions is highly needed. This might be achieved by appropriate use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) either as fillers of epoxy matrices, especially in inter-plies, or as fillers of epoxy glues used in structural bonding joints. As an example, trailing edges of offshore wind-blades are addressed in the current article, where monolithic bonding holds together the two structural halves and where the risk of sudden and brittle separation of edges while wind-turbines are in service is quite high. This can lead to tedious and very expensive maintenance, especially when keeping in mind the huge dimensions of new generation wind turbine blades that exceed lengths of 100 m. Bond joints and composites inter-plies of the final CNT-reinforced structures will exhibit stiffness and toughness high enough to face the severe offshore environment. In this article, multiscale Finite Element (FE) modeling is carried out to evaluate mechanical properties following the addition of CNTs. To achieve an optimal reinforcement, the effect of inclination of CNTs vs. mechanical loading axis is studied. Two innovations are suggested through this numerical study: The first consists of using homogenization in order to evaluate the effects of CNT reinforcement macroscopically. The second innovation lies in this forward-looking idea to envisage how we can benefit from CNTs in continuous fiber composites, as part of a deep theoretical rethinking of the reinforcement mechanisms operating at different scales and their triggering kinetics. The presented work is purely numerical and should be viewed as a “scenario” of structural composite materials of the future, which can be used both in the offshore industry and in other advanced industries. More broadly and through what is proposed, we humbly wish to stimulate scientific discussions about how we can better improve the performances of structural composite materials. View Full-Text

Drissi-Habti, Monssef; El Assami, Yassine; Raman, Venkadesh. 2021. "Multiscale Toughening of Composites with Carbon Nanotubes—Continuous Multiscale Reinforcement New Concept" J. Compos. Sci. 5, no. 5: 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs5050135

Epoxy Composites | Wiley Online Books

Epoxy Composites | Wiley Online Books

(2021). Front Matter. In Epoxy Composites (eds J. Parameswaranpillai, H. Pulikkalparambil, S.M. Rangappa and S. Siengchin). https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527824083.fmatter